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Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): AMUYA: Indonesian Journal of Management Reviews
Articles
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Cultural and Regulatory Transformation of the Ministry of Religious Affairs: Eliminating Seniority, Breaking the Cycle of Violence in Islamic Boarding Schools
Muhamad Jamaludin
Abstract:The rise in bullying cases in Islamic boarding schools indicates a systemic failure rooted in cultural, structural, and accountability issues. This phenomenon is exacerbated by a culture of seniority that normalizes violence as an initiation ritual and fuels a cycle of victimization and perpetration, where past victims replicate the violence after becoming seniors. Furthermore, limited safe reporting mechanisms and weak accountability of administrators who prefer amicable resolutions have perpetuated a culture of silence. This policy analysis uses a descriptive-analytical approach with qualitative methods, based on a literature review. Data were collected from written data references (academic journals, theses, and institutional reports) and regulatory support (Laws, Government Regulations, and PMA) in APA 7th Edition format. Problem identification was carried out through a Fishbone Diagram analysis, which groups the root causes into the categories of People, Systems, Culture, and Regulations. The assessment of policy alternatives (Regulation on Elimination of Hierarchy, Curriculum Integration, Independent Reporting System, Firm Sanctions, and Educator Certification) was conducted using William N. Dunn's Policy Alternative Scoring Theory, which focuses on the criteria of Effectiveness, Efficiency, Adequacy, Equity, and Responsiveness. The scoring results indicate that the Independent Victim Reporting and Protection System and Mandatory Integration of the Anti-Bullying Curriculum are the most feasible policy alternatives. Therefore, the main policy recommendation is the issuance of a Comprehensive Minister of Religious Affairs Regulation (PMA) which: 1) Requires the establishment of an Independent Anti-Violence Integrated Service Unit (ULT) in every Islamic boarding school (adopting the framework of TPPK PMA No. 73 of 2022); and 2) Compulsorily integrates the Positive Discipline and Anti-Bullying Curriculum. This policy aims to break the cycle of violence by replacing seniority control with professional supervision and guaranteeing full protection to students.
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Strengthening Performance-Based Budgeting Through Standardization of Tridharma Indicators at UIN Alauddin Makassar
Muhammad Hidayat
Abstract:This policy paper analyzes the output-based planning and budgeting system at UIN Alauddin Makassar, which continues to face serious obstacles in measuring and verifying the contribution of Tridharma (the three pillars of higher education) activities toward the university's Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). This study identifies the primary weakness in the absence of specific, measurable, and standardized performance indicators, resulting in evaluations that emphasize administrative activities rather than substantive outcomes. Further analysis reveals that weak monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, limited human resource capacity, and fragmented data systems exacerbate the ineffectiveness of performance-based budgeting. The USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) method was applied to determine priority issues, indicating that the weakness of output–outcome measurement is the most critical problem. These findings demonstrate that performance measurement is not merely a technical issue but a governance problem affecting accountability, expenditure effectiveness, and evidence-based decision-making. The study recommends establishing standardized cross-unit performance indicators, integrating monitoring and evaluation systems with performance data, and strengthening analytical capacity as strategic measures to ensure that planning and budgeting systems genuinely support measurable and sustainable institutional goals.
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Strengthening the Three-Level TNA: The Key to Improving the Competence of Ministry of Religious Affairs Employees
Hikal Husein
Abstract:Optimization of public services at the Ministry of Religious Affairs is significantly hampered because the Education and Training (Diklat) program has not effectively addressed the low employee competency, which is rooted in a weak Training Needs Analysis (TNA). The current TNA process tends to be limited to surveying work unit desires and driven by budget quota pressures, rather than based on an in-depth performance gap analysis between actual competencies and job competency requirements, as mandated by Government Regulation 11/2017. This diagnostic failure is exacerbated by the minimal involvement of direct superiors in curriculum validation, resulting in irrelevant training materials, ultimately hindering knowledge transfer to the workplace. This policy analysis aims to formulate transformative regulatory recommendations to address the root of this problem. The method used is a qualitative policy analysis, including problem identification based on the Three-Level TNA Theory (Noe, 2020) and the Systemic Training Model (Goldstein & Ford, 2002), evaluation of the root causes, formulation of four alternative regulatory policies, and scoring the alternatives using William N. Dunn's criteria (Dunn, 2018). The analysis results indicate that the alternative with the highest score is strengthening TNA standards. Therefore, it is recommended that the Minister of Religious Affairs Regulation (PMA) be established on the Three-Level Mandatory Minimum Standards for TNA and Performance-Based Curriculum Validation to transform training from an administrative activity into a data-driven strategic investment, ensure relevant employee competency, and improve the quality of the Ministry of Religious Affairs' public services.
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Strengthening Family Safety Nets in Bali: Policies for Destigmatization and Access to Counseling Services
Abstract:This policy paper analyzes the systematic failure to strengthen the resilience of family institutions in Bali, characterized by a surge in divorce rates, threatening socio-cultural disintegration and local economic stability. The main root causes are identified through policy and socio-cultural analysis: first, minimal local government investment in post-marital counseling services, which are not considered a public health priority; and second, the strong social and cultural stigma that maintains shame that prevents people from seeking professional help. This paper uses a descriptive qualitative methodology with an approach that includes USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) analysis and William N. Dunn policy evaluation using policy alternative scoring to determine intervention priorities. The results indicate that these socio-cultural barriers have the highest urgency score because they hinder the utilization of existing services. The discussion emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift from a curative approach to a culturally competent preventive approach. The policy paper recommends the issuance of a regulation in the form of a Decree of the Head of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Bali Province concerning the Integration of Mental Literacy Programs and Reducing the Stigma of Seeking Help in Pre-marital and Post-marital Counseling. This regulation requires the addition of a specific module that explicitly addresses social stigma (the culture of maintaining shame) and normalizes the role of professional counselors/psychologists as a legitimate solution to family crises. The goal is to address the root causes of social and cultural stigma, which are major barriers to utilizing professional services to maintain harmony in Balinese families.
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Addressing the Digital Divide in Madrasah: Strategies for Improving Infrastructure and Educator Competence Towards Learning Transformation
Supriyanto
Abstract:Digital transformation is inevitable for Islamic schools (madrasah) in responding to the demands of 21st-century competencies. However, the implementation of digital technology in Islamic educational institutions faces serious gaps marked by weak technology integration into core learning processes. This condition is caused by a combination of factors: inadequate ICT infrastructure, low educator digital competency, and stagnant technology utilization for administrative functions rather than pedagogical transformation. The Urgency, Seriousness, Growth (USG) analysis identified Low Educator Digital Competence as the top priority to be addressed (Score 15), followed by Technology Infrastructure (Score 14). The purpose of this policy article is to formulate a comprehensive intervention strategy to overcome these obstacles and encourage Islamic schools to achieve an optimal level of digital transformation. Methodology This writing uses a comprehensive desk research approach, referring to digital education theoretical frameworks such as TPACK and technology adoption models (e.g., SAMR) to analyze the root causes. Primary qualitative data was collected through a synthesis of recent research findings related to madrasah digitalization in Indonesia. Prioritization of issues is structured using the USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) method based on existing data to determine the focus of policy recommendations. The analysis shows that the key to addressing this problem lies in shifting the policy focus from simply procuring devices to strengthening human resources and pedagogy. Three main pillars of intervention are recommended: (1) Continuous improvement of educator competency in digital pedagogy; (2) Acceleration of stable ICT infrastructure equity; and (3) Change in the vision of technology utilization from administrative to transformative curriculum integration. The implementation of this strategy is expected to optimize ICT investment and make madrasahs competitive educational institutions.
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Reform of the Policy on Developing Lecturer Research Capacity: The Key to the Internationalization of Sugriwa Hindu State University, Denpasar
Anak Agung Made Bayu Wirama
Abstract:This policy paper analyzes the low international ranking of lecturers' research output at Sugriwa Hindu State University (UHN) Denpasar and recommends focused policy interventions to realize the internationalization program. The main problem identified stems from the lack of lecturers' capacity and competence in global research methodology, exacerbated by the misaligned training curriculum design and the lack of specific infrastructure support. The writing methodology uses Qualitative Policy Analysis with a normative-evaluative approach. The author identifies the root of the problem through a conceptual framework based on the Human Resource Capacity Development Theory (Senge, 2006) and the Research Ecosystem Theory (Teichler, 2017). Five alternative regulatory policies are identified and evaluated using William N. Dunn's Policy Evaluation Criteria (Effectiveness, Efficiency, Adequacy, Responsiveness) through a scoring method. Primary data sources come from PTKN regulations and general institutional performance data, supported by relevant academic literature (7th APA Citation). The results of Dunn's analysis indicate that the most effective policies are those that simultaneously address technical and competency barriers. The main policy recommendation is the establishment of a Rector's Regulation on Output-Based Research Human Resource Development Reform and Global Publication Infrastructure Support. This regulation should focus on two pillars: (1) Establishment of a Global Manuscript Center (GMC) to provide mandatory proofreading and mentoring, and (2) Implementation of a Mandatory Output-Based Global Research Training Curriculum (PICM) as a requirement for grant access. The implementation of this dual policy is expected to fundamentally improve lecturer competency and accelerate UHN Sugriwa's international recognition.
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Mitigating the Digital Divide at Manado State Christian Institute Cyber Christian University in Indonesia’s 3T Regions: A Human Resource Support Framework and Adaptive Pedagogy Model
Carlo Devi Sasuwuk
Abstract:This policy paper analyzes the implementation of the Minister of Religious Affairs Decree (KMA) Number 351 of 2023, which designates the State Christian Institute of Manado (IAKN Manado) as the pilot project for a Cyber-based Christian Higher Education Institution. The policy faces serious challenges related to the second-level digital divide, particularly for students living in island regions and 3T areas (Remote, Outermost, and Least-Developed Regions). Instead of ensuring equitable access, the policy risks excluding students due to institutional design weaknesses that are overly focused on technological platforms (platform-centric) while neglecting the development of human-centered capacity building. The core problems stem from a Digital Policy Orientation that Neglects Care, the Absence of Re-skilling Mechanisms for Lecturers in low-bandwidth pedagogy (Koehler & Mishra, 2009), and the Minimal Provision of Effective Remote Psychosocial Support to mitigate isolation (Moore, 1989). These three failures perpetuate a high degree of transactional distance, threaten student retention, and undermine the equity principles of the Cyber University program. The methodology employed is qualitative policy analysis using a descriptive-evaluative approach. This study is a literature-based inquiry (library research) utilizing content analysis of regulatory documents (KMA No. 351/2023; the Distance Education Law), academic literature, and reports concerning the digital divide in Eastern Indonesia. The formulation of policy problems and root causes is based on the USG Analysis (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth), while the conceptual framework integrates Digital Divide Theory (DiMaggio et al., 2004), the TPACK Framework, and Institutional Support Theory. Based on William N. Dunn’s policy scoring analysis, the primary policy recommendation is the issuance of a Rector’s Regulation mandating the establishment of Community Learning Centers (PKBK) and a Local Technical Facilitator (FTL) Recruitment Scheme. This regulation aims to create a decentralized, adaptive, and equitable support system, positioning IAKN Manado as a successful model for Distance Education (PJJ) implementation amid geographical disparities.
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Establishing Single Data for PTKIN: National Data Dictionary Mandate and Quality Audit Towards Accountability
Yayuk Sri Rahayu
Abstract:This policy paper analyzes the weaknesses of data-based decision-making governance policies at State Islamic Religious Colleges (PTKIN). This crucial issue is raised in this policy article, rooted in the disintegration of the service system that causes the use of different data standards across work units, resulting in acute, inconsistent data fragmentation, and hindering accurate and rapid strategic decision-making. The methodology used is descriptive qualitative analysis, utilizing problem prioritization using the Urgency, Seriousness, Growth (USG) method and evaluation of alternative regulatory policies using William N. Dunn's scoring theory. This writing is also supported by an in-depth review of existing Ministry of Religious Affairs regulations (such as PMA No. 1 of 2023 concerning One Data of the Ministry of Religious Affairs) and data management theories such as data governance and bounded rationality. The results and discussion indicate that the main root of the problem lies in the failure of harmonization and standardization of data across services, which is a manifestation of the weakness of central governance policies. Based on Dunn's analysis, the most effective policy is the establishment of the KMA on the Establishment of a National Data Dictionary for PTKIN as a fundamental prerequisite, directly addressing this problem by establishing a single, legally binding data language standard for all PTKIN. This is the most crucial and fundamental step because it resolves the problem of data inconsistency at the source to enforce compliance, in order to achieve a Single Source of Truth and effective data-driven management.
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Addressing Structural Discrimination: Recommendations for an Inclusive Curriculum Policy for Non-Muslim Students in Papua at State Islamic Religious Universities
Taufik Hidayah Santoso
Abstract:This policy paper provides an overview of the non-Muslim student admission policy at State Islamic Religious Higher Education Institutions (PTKIN) in Papua Province facing significant implementation challenges, which have the potential to perpetuate structural discrimination and hinder the achievement of academic equity. This gap is rooted in three fundamental policy issues: Lack of Adaptation of the Compulsory Religious Curriculum, minimal Pedagogical Competence of Lecturers in a Multicultural context, and the priority of lecturer training that is still functional, failing to internalize the principles of true Inclusive Education. The analysis of this policy problem is carried out by identifying the main problems and specific causes, followed by a priority assessment using the USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) method, which confirms that curriculum issues are the most pressing issues. To formulate solutions, William N. Dunn's alternative policy scoring analysis is used with the criteria of Effectiveness, Efficiency, Adequacy, and Equity, and supported by the foundation of Culturally Responsive Pedagogy Theory and the regulatory mandate of the National Education System Law. The results of this analysis recommend the issuance of a single regulation as the most optimal intervention, namely the Rector's Regulation on Guidelines for Accommodation of Compulsory Interfaith Curriculum. This recommendation should be accompanied by the establishment of an Inclusive Development Center (PPI) to ensure institutional accountability and appropriate investment in lecturer capacity development, ensuring PTKIN's transition from symbolic acceptance to systemic integration that is equitable and relevant to Papua's multicultural context.
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Balancing Publication Incentives and Downstream Research at State Islamic University of North Sumatra Medan for Regional Independence
Abstract:This Policy Paper provides an overview of the main policy studied, namely the low synergy of research programs at UIN Sumatera Utara Medan based on community and industry needs, which directly hampers the effectiveness and impact of research outputs. This problem is rooted in three policy factors: 1) research orientation gap; 2) lecturer evaluation system that prioritizes journal publication; and 3) national regulatory pressure and institutional accreditation targets. This failure of synergy is caused by perverse policy incentives, where lecturers rationally choose quickly measurable outputs (publications) over impactful outputs (downstream), a phenomenon reinforced by metrics fixation and relevance-rigour trade-off. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a policy analysis approach. Data were collected through a study of statutory regulatory documents (UU, PMA) and technical guidelines at UIN Sumatera Utara Medan, reinforced by theoretical and conceptual literature studies (triple helix model, principal-agent theory, and user-centric research). The evaluation of alternative policies was conducted comparatively using William N. Dunn scoring analysis based on the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, and responsiveness. Dunn's analysis identified that mandatory stakeholder engagement in research proposals is a highly effective and responsive alternative. Therefore, it is recommended that the Rector of UIN Sumatera Utara Medan issue a Rector's Decree requiring evidence of stakeholder engagement (community or industry) in every internally funded research proposal. This recommendation aims to address the root cause of distorted incentives by forcing a shift in research behavior from a publish-only focus to demand-driven and impact-oriented research.
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Realizing Adaptive Justice: UKT Relief Reform and the Implementation of Force Majeure at UIN SGD Bandung
Husnul Rizka Mubarikah
Abstract:This policy paper conducts an in-depth study of the failure of the Single Tuition Fee (UKT) relief policy at UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung in realizing adaptive justice for students experiencing sudden economic difficulties. The main issue is the rigidity of internal regulations that lack a responsive mechanism (force majeure) to changes in financial conditions mid-semester, leaving students vulnerable to the risk of dropping out of their studies. This study uses qualitative policy analysis methods, including problem identification (USG), determining the root cause, and evaluating alternatives using the William N. Dunn scoring model. The analysis identifies three structural root causes: (1) Rigid Regulations that ignore incidental crises; (2) Budgetary Focus on UKT Revenue Stability, which limits flexibility; and (3) Bureaucratic Pressure to maintain a high revenue efficiency ratio, causing a shift in the goal from equity to efficiency. Based on the alternative evaluation, policy recommendations prioritize integrated regulatory solutions. UIN SGD Bandung is recommended to issue a Rector's Decree on Adaptive Force Majeure UKT to create a fast verification path. This policy must be operationally supported through Risk-Based Digital Verification Regulations to reduce administrative and bureaucratic burdens. Implementing these regulatory reforms is crucial to balance the financial interests of institutions with their social mandates, ensure the continuity of studies for students from low-income families, and end disparities in access to equitable education.
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Addressing Fragmentation: Integrated Waste Management Synergy Policy at the Green Campus of the State Islamic University of Jakarta
Sri Mulyati
Abstract:This policy paper examines the weak implementation of the Green Campus program at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, which is caused by the lack of synergy between units and faculties in realizing an efficient and sustainable Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) system. Analysis using the USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) method identified that the Green Campus Program Performance is difficult to evaluate objectively as a top priority policy issue (Total Score 15). The root of the problem, mapped using a Fishbone Diagram, is the absence of Environmental Performance Accountability Standards (SAKL), limited human resource capacity, and ad hoc technology procurement policies. To select the best solution, a comparative policy analysis based on William N. Dunn's theory was conducted on five alternatives. The results recommend the Rector's Regulation on the Integrated Environmental Management System (SML) as the most effective intervention (Score 17). This regulation should serve as the primary legal umbrella to eliminate governance fragmentation, mandate the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, and integrate KPI development obligations and Monev resource allocation across all units.
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Addressing Zakat Fragmentation: KMA Priorities for Mandatory Amil Certification for Program Effectiveness.
Nur Rochmawati
Abstract:This police paper discusses the low effectiveness of the distribution and utilization of zakat funds in Indonesia despite the large potential for collection. This low effectiveness is identified as originating from three main root problems: Regulatory and Institutional Fragmentation between BAZNAS and LAZ; Limited Human Resource (HR) Capacity in Zakat Management Organizations (OPZ); and Lack of Investment and Standardization in Sustainable Zakat Amil Training. These problems lead to the dominance of charitable programs, low accountability, and the failure of zakat as an instrument for alleviating structural poverty. The writing method uses qualitative policy analysis with a prescriptive approach, referring to the Institutional Theory framework (to analyze fragmentation) and Human Resource Capacity Theory (to analyze amil professionalism). Data were collected through an in-depth literature review of laws and regulations (Law No. 23/2011, KMA), reputable scientific journals with APA 7th citations, and BAZNAS reports. The analysis of alternative policies was conducted using the William N. Dunn Scoring System based on the criteria of Effectiveness, Efficiency, Equity, Responsiveness, and Appropriateness. The analysis results indicate that the highest priority policy alternative is the issuance of a Ministerial Decree (KMA) concerning Competency Standards and Certification for Mandatory Amil. It is recommended that this KMA be issued immediately to fundamentally improve the professionalism of amil, which is key to changing the governance of OPZ and transforming the zakat program from a charitable to a productive approach.
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Zakat Fund Allocation Conflict: Obstacles to Financing Single Tuition Fees for Mustahik Students
Hadi Syahputra
Abstract:The implementation of zakat fund scholarships for the Single Tuition Fee (UKT) of underprivileged students at IAIN Langsa faces serious challenges due to a structural conflict between the Shariah distribution mandate to the eight asnaf (recipients) and the real constraints of collected funds. Theoretically, this limitation is a manifestation of the Zakat Fiscal Gap at the regional level, where the potential for zakat collection significantly exceeds its realization, severely restricting the resources available for education programs (fii sabilillah) (Badruddin 2019). This fiqh allocation conflict is compounded by internal governance policies, specifically selection criteria based on the Grade Point Average (IPK), which tends to prioritize academic accountability over the distributive justice principle to the most needy mustahik, and the weak post-disbursement monitoring and evaluation (monev) mechanism that hinders the measurement of the program's real impact (Nurrahmat et al. 2023). This policy study utilizes a qualitative approach involving document analysis, supported by the theoretical frameworks of Fiqh Asnaf, Zakat Fiscal Gap Theory, and Sustainable Social Financing Theory. In-depth analysis using root-cause analysis identified the primary root problem as fund inadequacy due to the fiscal gap and unresolved fiqh allocation conflict. There is an urgent need to balance the Shariah goal of poverty alleviation with the managerial needs of educational institutions. After scoring various policy alternatives, the best option is the Regulation on the Progressive UKT Cost-Sharing Scheme based on Poverty Level. This scheme is deemed most optimal as it ensures the largest portion of the zakat subsidy is directed towards students in the extreme poverty category, effectively addressing the issues of equity and fund sufficiency. Therefore, the recommended policy solution is a Joint Decree on Prioritizing Zakat Fii Sabilillah Allocation for Human Resource Investment and integrating the progressive cost-sharing scheme to create a sustainable, equitable, and impact-oriented educational financing model.
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Optimizing Link and Match Strategy between PTKN and the Industrial World to Improve Graduates' Job Readiness
Anis Ulil Hidayati
Abstract:This policy paper examines the structural challenges faced by State Religious Higher Education (PTKN) in Indonesia in the form of a high skills mismatch between graduate competencies and the skills demands of the Business and Industrial World (DUDI). This phenomenon is exacerbated by the PTKN curriculum which tends to be normatively academically oriented and not fully responsive to technological developments and Industry 4.0, as well as the low exposure of students to industrial experience due to the absence of an adequately integrated Structured Internship Program (SIP). This has an impact on the low competitiveness and employment absorption of graduates. Methodology: This policy paper uses a qualitative descriptive policy analysis approach to identify the root of the problem and formulate regulatory policy recommendations. Determination of policy problem priorities is carried out through the Urgency, Seriousness, Growth (USG) Analysis, which places the problem of competency mismatch as the main priority with the highest total score (15). Furthermore, five policy alternatives are evaluated using the William N. Dunn Policy Evaluation Model based on the criteria of Effectiveness, Efficiency, Adequacy, and Responsiveness. Results and Recommendations: Based on Dunn's evaluation, the most superior policy alternative is the Issuance of the Decree of the Director General of Islamic Education concerning National Standards for Cooperation between PTKN and DUDI with a total score of 19. This regulation is recommended because it has the highest potential in creating standardized and systemic partnership governance, overcoming institutional fragmentation, and becoming an operational basis for PTKN to integrate Outcome-Based Education (OBE)-based curriculum and requiring structured industrial practice experience, thus significantly increasing the relevance of graduates to the needs of the modern job market.
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IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo's Strategy to Create Local Sharia Entrepreneurs
Abstract:The Police Paper illustrates the suboptimal integration of the Student Creativity Program (PKM) and Community Service (PkM) at IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo with the local economic empowerment program. Although PTKN (State Universities) has a Tri Dharma mandate for socio-economic development, campus innovation programs tend to be purely academically oriented and stall at the reporting stage, failing to transition into sustainable business units or generate significant economic impact. The root of the problem lies in the lack of a mechanism for validating local market needs and the dominance of lab-oriented ideas disconnected from the potential of MSMEs and the sharia economy in Gorontalo. The methodology used in this paper is Qualitative-Normative Policy Analysis, with a focus on policy problem-solving. Data were collected through extensive desk research of regulatory documents (Laws, Ministerial Regulations of the Minister of Religious Affairs, and Rector's Regulations), as well as empirical studies (scientific journals) relevant to the Triple Helix Theory, Business Incubation Theory, and the Community Engagement Concept. Policy alternative analysis was conducted using the William N. Dunn Scoring Model to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and feasibility of each regulatory option. The analysis shows that the most effective structural solution is through internal policy transformation. The main policy recommendation is the establishment of a Rector's Regulation on the Mandatory Integration of PKM into the Core Curriculum and the Credit System, supported by the Standardization of the Participatory Action Research (PAR) Approach in all community-based PKM. This policy aims to shift the academic culture to an entrepreneurial culture validated in the field, making IAIN SA Gorontalo a relevant and sustainable driving force for the people's economy.
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Standardization and Digitalization of Buddhist Marriage Guidance: Addressing Implementation Inconsistencies and Low Program Efficacy
Abstract:This policy paper discusses the quality of Buddhist Marriage Guidance, which is currently not optimal in equipping prospective brides and grooms with an understanding of Dhamma principles and practical skills for fostering harmonious families. The main policy issue is the severe inconsistency in implementation and curriculum, triggered by weak binding national regulations and a policy focus that is too administrative rather than substantive program outcomes. Through descriptive qualitative methods, in which the author analyzes this issue using public policy theory approaches (such as Standardization Theory, Implementation Failure, and Result-Oriented Administration) and supported by an USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) analysis for problem priority, it is found that the root of the problem lies in the failure of the oversight system to address the high autonomy of the Assembly and resistance to standardization. The USG analysis identifies five main problems, with three of the top priorities: Curriculum Inconsistency, Unstandardized Facilitators, and Cross-Sector Synchronization (Scores 13-14). Therefore, this policy paper recommends the issuance of a Decree of the Director General of Buddhist Community Guidance on the Establishment and Management of a Centralized Digital Platform. This decision was chosen based on William N. Dunn's scoring, which showed that the digital solution achieved the highest score (22) because it was considered the most efficient and capable of ensuring equal access to the Minimum Core Curriculum to all Buddhists, fundamentally shifting the focus from fulfilling administrative requirements to achieving substantive results in the form of increasing program efficacy and the quality of Buddhist families in Indonesia.
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UIN Makassar Curriculum Reform: Encouraging Graduates' Technical Competencies in Line with Job Market Demands
Fatimah Abd Rahman
Abstract:This policy paper examines the crucial issue of the inability of the curriculum and learning process at UIN Alauddin Makassar to produce graduates with relevant and ready-to-use technical competencies according to the demands of the job market. The root causes of the policy problems identified include: (1) Curriculum gaps due to the dominance of theoretical content, (2) Lack of active involvement of the industrial world in curriculum formulation, and (3) Cultural differences and priorities between academics and practitioners. This condition creates negative externalities in the form of a high skills gap and low employability of graduates, which are not in line with the mandate of the KKNI and the principles of Educational Accountability. The methodology used is a qualitative-normative policy analysis with three main stages: (1) Problem Identification through the synthesis of literature and empirical issues; (2) Critical Analysis, which includes the use of theoretical frameworks such as Human Capital Theory, Triple Helix Model, and T-Shaped Professionals Concept, as well as a review of supporting laws and regulations (Law No. 12/2012, Permendikbudristek No. 53/2023, and UINAM Rector's Decree regarding the curriculum); and (3) Formulation of Alternatives and Recommendations, which involves evaluation using William N. Dunn's Scoring Theory to determine the feasibility of the policy.
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Strategy for Increasing Community Participation in the Forest Waqf Program in Gunungkidul Regency
Abstract:This policy paper analyzes the low level of community participation in the Forest Waqf Program in Gunungkidul Regency. The background of this study is the high rate of deforestation (forest destruction) and environmental damage in Indonesia, which prompted the Ministry of Religious Affairs (Kemenag) to develop an ecotheology program through a forest waqf initiative. Although Gunungkidul has been designated as a designated area for forest waqf management, community participation remains low, indicating a gap between the ideal potential of waqf as a conservation instrument and the reality of its implementation in the field. The specific problem that is the focus is the low level of literacy and public understanding of forest waqf, which is key to the urgency of the study to formulate appropriate policies. This study uses a descriptive qualitative methodology and policy analysis with instruments such as document review, limited interviews, and USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) priority analysis. Theoretical frameworks such as the Theory of Islamic Financial Literacy, Diffusion of Innovation, and the Whole-of-Government (WoG) concept are used to analyze the root of the problem. The results and discussion indicate that low public literacy is identified as a top priority issue, with the root cause being the lack of innovative outreach and limited internal synergy within the Gunungkidul Ministry of Religious Affairs. An analysis of alternative policies using the William N. Dunn Criteria found that the policy of issuing a circular from the Regional Office Head concerning comprehensive guidelines for forest waqf socialization is the most effective and fundamental solution. The main conclusion is that the key to the success of forest waqf lies in improving internal communication governance and standardizing education. Therefore, it is recommended that the Head of the Yogyakarta Special Region Ministry of Religious Affairs Regional Office immediately issue the circular to ensure message consistency, method innovation, and the involvement of all parties at the Ministry of Religious Affairs in increasing literacy and community participation in the forest waqf program.
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BINWIN Revitalization: KMA Requires 30 Hours of Spaced Learning for Family Skills
Umroh Widjayanti
Abstract:This Policy Paper discusses the disruption and instability of households in Indonesia, as reflected in the rising divorce rate, highlighting the failure of premarital policy interventions. In East Java, the high number of divorce cases indicates dysfunction in the implementation of the Marriage Guidance Program (BINWIN) organized by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Problem identification reveals that the ineffectiveness of this program stems from three policy roots: (1) Material design dominated by normative-theoretical aspects and minimal application skills (conflict resolution and financial management); (2) Delivery methods that tend to be passive, one-way, and not in accordance with the principles of Andragogy; and (3) Limited duration of guidance that is very short (10-16 hours), which violates the Principle of Program Intensity. This policy formulation method uses a qualitative approach through regulatory document analysis and literature review. Critical evaluation is conducted based on the analysis of the policy's root causes, followed by scoring of policy alternatives using William N. Dunn's criteria. The scoring results determine that changes in methodology and duration are the most optimal interventions for increasing effectiveness. The proposed recommendation is to revise Minister of Religious Affairs Decree No. 189 of 2021, setting a minimum duration of 30 effective hours and requiring implementation in a Distance Learning format for at least four weeks before the marriage ceremony. This policy aims to transform BINWIN from an administrative formality into an effective skills intervention in building family resilience.
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Governance Reform of Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University through Risk-Based Budgeting
Prima Sari Putri
Abstract:This policy paper presents a policy analysis regarding the suboptimal integration and implementation of risk management comprehensively into the business processes and strategic decision-making of the State Religious College Public Service Agency (PTKN BLU) Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University, which directly hinders the improvement of the effectiveness of institutional governance control. The background to this issue is the disconnection between the high flexibility of BLU financial management and a weak internal control framework, exacerbated by the failure of internal regulations to bind risk to resource allocation. The writing method uses a qualitative-normative approach with public policy analysis, supported by a study of regulatory literature (Government Regulations, Ministerial Regulations) and governance theory (Enterprise Risk Management, Agency Theory) as well as an evaluation of policy alternatives using William N. Dunn's Scoring Theory. The results and discussion indicate that the main root of the problem is the weakness of formal policies that fail to make risk documents a mandatory prerequisite in the preparation of Business Plans and Budgets (RBA). The conclusion confirms that this problem is a structural weakness in governance. Therefore, the policy recommendation given is the Issuance of the Chancellor's Regulation on Risk-Based Performance and Budgeting Management, which requires every budget proposal to include an allocation of critical risk mitigation costs, in order to achieve optimal accountability and efficiency of BLU resources.
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Synchronization of Regulation and Path Dependence: The Main Challenge of UIN Jakarta's Transformation Towards Financial Independence
Abstract:This policy paper analyzes the problem of the slow policy of accelerating the transformation of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta from a Public Service Agency (BLU) to a State Religious Higher Education Institution with Legal Entity (PTKN BH), which is a crucial policy issue that threatens the fulfillment of the mandate of financial and academic independence. This paper aims to identify and analyze the structural root causes that hinder the optimization of business unit performance as the main prerequisite for PTN BH. Through Root Cause Analysis, three main obstacles were found: (1) Regulatory Rigidity and High Transaction Costs, caused by the attachment to the Government Goods/Services Procurement mechanism (Presidential Decree 16/2018) and overlapping regulations across ministries; (2) Weaknesses in Human Resource Governance, due to the Limited Competitive Salary and Incentive Structure under public personnel regulations; and (3) Social Mission Contradiction, namely the obligation to carry out PSO without adequate public budget compensation. The writing methodology used is Qualitative-Descriptive Policy Analysis. This approach involves an in-depth literature review of scientific papers (journals, theses, books) discussing New Public Management, Agency Theory, and PTN BH/BLU governance. Problem data is identified and mapped using USG Analysis (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) to prioritize issues. Next, five policy alternatives are proposed and evaluated comparatively using William N. Dunn's Policy Evaluation Criteria (Effectiveness, Efficiency, Adequacy, Equity, and Responsiveness). The analysis results recommend the Spin-off Policy of Strategic Business Units into Legal Entity Subsidiaries (PT) as the most effective structural solution (highest score of 22). This recommendation ensures the termination of bureaucratic path dependence and allows business units to implement professional governance and remuneration, thereby accelerating the fulfillment of financial health requirements towards PTKN BH status.
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Strategy for Accelerating Business Unit Optimization and Financial Independence of I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar State Hindu University Towards a Public Service Agency
I Nengah Wirawan Kawiguna
Abstract:This policy paper discusses the transformation of I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa State Hindu University (UHN) Denpasar into a Public Service Agency (BLU) hampered by the limited number and type of business units, which has implications for the inability to achieve the targets of financial independence and asset optimization as the main prerequisites of BLU. This policy analysis finds that the main root of the problem lies in the weakness of internal regulations that support asset commercialization, as well as the limited understanding of cost recovery and business-like principles at the policy-making level. This policy analysis framework uses a descriptive-prescriptive writing method, supported by the theoretical framework of New Public Management (NPM), Vroom's Expectancy Theory, and the Entrepreneurial University Concept, and is tested using William N. Dunn's policy alternative scoring tool to determine solution priorities. The scoring results determine the policy alternatives as the highest priority: Regulation of Asset Commercialization and Determination of Business-like Tariffs. The main policy recommendation is to immediately issue a Rector's Regulation that provides a legal umbrella for the utilization of idle assets and ensures service pricing based on cost recovery plus margin, thereby enabling UHN I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa to achieve financial flexibility and operational readiness of BLU effectively.
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Urgent Regulation: Integrating the SDGs into the PTKN Strategic Plan is Key to Accelerating Global Participation in the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings
I Gede Krisna Putra
Abstract:This Police Paper analyzes the participation of State Religious Universities (PTKN) in THE Impact Rankings. The components that must be included in this abstract are: First, Background and Focus of the Problem: The low participation of State Religious Universities (PTKN) in THE Impact Rankings of SDGs-based global performance indicators is a crucial issue that obscures PTKN's contribution to sustainable development. This problem is rooted in the absence of SDGs in PTKN's strategic planning (Renstra), which is exacerbated by the absence of contextual technical regulations and operational guidelines. The absence of this policy instrument makes it difficult for institutional planners to translate SDG objectives into work programs, indicators, and performance reporting that are in accordance with global standards. Second, the methodology of this paper uses a qualitative-descriptive policy analysis approach. Data were collected through in-depth literature studies (desk research) of PTKN planning documents, Ministerial Regulations, Ministerial Decrees, and official reports and methodologies of THE Impact Rankings. Problem analysis was identified and prioritized using the USG method (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth). Policy alternatives are formulated in the form of regulations, then comprehensively evaluated using William N. Dunn's criteria (Effectiveness, Efficiency, Adequacy, Responsiveness) to determine the priority of recommendations. Third, Key Findings and Recommendations: The USG analysis confirmed that strategic planning issues are a top priority (Score 19). Dunn's evaluation indicates that the most effective and efficient solution is intervention at the basic regulatory level. Based on these findings, the main policy recommendation is the issuance of a Ministerial Decree (KMA) on the Integration of SDGs into the PTKN Strategic Plan. This regulation will provide an explicit and systematic legal mandate, shifting the institution's orientation from administrative performance to impact-based, while also serving as a foundation for technical reporting guidelines. This step is expected to overcome structural barriers and increase PTKN's participation in the global arena.
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Revitalizing Halal Supervision in North Sulawesi: Addressing Synergy and Resource Gaps for Consumer Protection
Tri Susanti
Abstract:This policy research examines fundamental problems in the implementation of Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance (UU JPH) in North Sulawesi Province (Sulut), where halal product supervision fails to optimally protect Muslim consumers. The main issue lies in weak institutional synergy and suboptimal resource allocation within the JPH supervision system. Theoretically, this problem is supported by the Bottom-Up Policy Implementation Theory and Collaborative Governance Theory, which point to dysfunctional collaborative governance at the local level. The in-depth analysis identifies two main root causes: First, the failure of synergy manifested through unclear division of operational authority between the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency (BPJPH) and Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD), as well as data fragmentation that hinders integrated supervision. Second, fiscal and human resource gaps characterized by minimal regional budget allocation for JPH and the limited number and competence of certified JPH Supervisors. These human resource limitations make post-certification supervision reactive and eliminate the deterrent effect of sanctions mandated by Government Regulation No. 42 of 2024. Based on the USG analysis, the weak commitment of managers and the unclear sanction mechanism are priorities. Therefore, policy recommendations focus on regulations for integrating national data systems as a solution for efficient governance and increasing human resource capacity through local partnerships. The ultimate goal is to establish a coordinated JPH supervision system in North Sulawesi, supported by adequate resources, and ensuring legal certainty for consumers.
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Inclusive Madrasah Teacher Competency Crisis Policy Recommendations from the Minister of Religious Affairs for Standardizing Human Resources and Personalizing Services
Ririn Dwi Agustin
Abstract:This policy paper addresses the systemic challenges in ensuring the quality and personalization of inclusive education services in madrasas, focusing on the failure of the Ministry of Religious Affairs to strengthen support for integrated human resource (HR) development policies. Although the law has provided for inclusive services and Special Guidance Teachers (GPK), implementation in madrasas is hampered by the limited professional competence of classroom teachers and the absence of structured and ongoing Grand Design training. Data shows that less than twenty-five percent of teachers in inclusive madrasas feel confident in designing Individual Learning Programs (PPI), the current ratio of Students with Special Needs (PDBK) per GPK is far below the ideal standard, indicating that a decent, affordable mandate is merely an administrative formality. The writing method used is a qualitative policy analysis, beginning with identifying the root of the problem through literature and regulatory studies, followed by a priority analysis using the USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) method to develop teacher competency development as the main focus. Next, three alternative policy regulations are proposed, which are then evaluated comparatively using William N. Dunn's Policy Alternative Scoring Theory based on the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, and responsiveness. The analysis results show that the Alternative Issuance of the Minister of Religious Affairs Regulation (PMA) concerning Inclusive Competency Standards for Madrasah Teachers received the highest score. Therefore, the paper's primary policy recommendation is to urge the Ministry of Religious Affairs to issue the Ministerial Regulation as a binding regulatory solution to standardize GPK human resources and grant PDBK the right to effective and personalized learning
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Waqf Governance Reform: The Mandate for Digitalization of Nazhir Reporting for Accountability in East Java
Dwi Agung Maryaningsih
Abstract:This Policy Paper aims to identify and formulate policy solutions to fundamental problems in waqf governance in East Java, which has significant asset potential. The main problem identified, through an analysis of Urgency, Seriousness, and Growth (USG), is the constraints on transparency and accountability in Nazhir reporting. The root of this problem stems from the absence of a local regulatory mandate requiring integrated digital reporting (Mandated Disclosure) and Nazhir's low compliance with Waqf Accounting Standards (PSAK 112). This condition is exacerbated by the lack of institutional synergy between the East Java Regional Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and the Indonesian Institute of Islamic Studies (BWI) in digital infrastructure integration (IT Governance), thus increasing the risk of moral hazard. This policy formulation uses a qualitative, policy-based analysis with a framework of Agency Theory, Transaction Cost Economics, and Institutionalism, supported by the Maslahah Mursalah concept and Waqf Core Principles. This analysis process produces a single, most effective policy recommendation: the Decree of the Head of the East Java Regional Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs on Mandatory Integrated Digital Waqf Reporting. This coercive mandate aims to force all Nazhirs to use a single platform (SIWAK) for PSAK 112 reporting, effectively building a transparent and accountable E-Trust Waqf Ecosystem.
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Standardization of Decent Accommodation through Internal Regulations at UIN Sunan Gunung Djati
Mamat Rohimat
Abstract:This policy paper provides an overview of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung facing serious challenges in the form of inconsistent implementation of Reasonable Accommodation for persons with disabilities, which structurally violates the principle of justice and the mandate of Law No. 8 of 2016. This service misalignment is rooted in the absence of a binding Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) across units and the existence of an unequal policy focus, where attention is only focused on physical accessibility while ignoring non-physical service standards and inclusive pedagogy (Universal Design for Learning). This paper uses a qualitative policy analysis method with a normative-regulatory approach, referring to the legal framework of PMA No. 1 of 2024 as the PTKI compliance standard. Problem analysis is prioritized using the USG framework and evaluation of alternative solutions using the William N. Dunn scoring model. The results of the analysis indicate that Accommodation Inconsistency and Service Fragmentation have the highest priority because of their direct impact on student rights. The policy evaluation confirms that regulatory solutions (SOP, UDL, and Harmonization Task Force) are the most effective and feasible. Therefore, it is recommended that the Chancellor immediately issue a Chancellor's Decree on the ratification of a comprehensive Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Appropriate Cross-Unit Accommodation. This policy should be supported by a Circular Letter mandating the integration of UDL principles and the establishment of an Internal Regulation Harmonization Task Force to ensure structural institutional synergy and accountability.
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Curriculum Transformation of Religious Education in Central Sulawesi: Integration of Theological Disaster Literacy within Religious Teacher Certification Frameworks
Abstract:Central Sulawesi, particularly the Palu-Koro Fault zone, faces high geological disaster risks. However, religious education in this region is not yet integrated with disaster mitigation needs. This is due to a curriculum dominated by metaphysical-eschatological aspects that tend to be fatalistic, and the absence of integrative modules in Religious Teacher Professional Development (PPG). This condition is exacerbated by low theology-based disaster literacy among educators, causing safety messages to be disconnected from religious narratives in the classroom. Objective: This study aims to formulate a curriculum transformation strategy for religious education by integrating theology-based disaster literacy into PPG modules. It seeks to provide a policy framework for standardizing religious teacher competencies in facing disaster risks in red zones. Methods: This research employs a qualitative approach using policy analysis methods based on William N. Dunn’s theory. Data collection techniques included PPG curriculum documentation studies, field observations in post-disaster madrasahs, and literature analysis of contextual theology and educational resilience. Policy alternative analysis was conducted through scoring criteria for effectiveness, efficiency, and responsiveness. Results: The findings indicate that integrating disaster literacy into PPG modules is the most effective "upstream" intervention to transform educators' habitus. This strategy reconstructs the cultural capital of religious teachers from fatalistic understandings toward "Active Tawakal," blending faith with mitigation science. The analysis suggests a formal mandate through a Decree of the Director General of Islamic Education to establish disaster literacy modules as a mandatory component for teacher certification in high-risk areas to ensure the sustainability of Disaster-Safe Education Units (SPAB). Keywords: Religious Curriculum; Disaster Literacy; Contextual Theology; PPG Module; Central Sulawesi; Educational Resilience.
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Geography-Based Budget Allocation for Digital Transformation of SMTK in Maluku 3T
Lulu bin Tahir Achmad
Abstract:This Policy Paper describes that digital transformation in religious secondary education is a strategic component of national education reform aimed at strengthening governance, accountability, and service quality. However, the implementation of digital transformation in Sekolah Menengah Teologi Kristen (SMTK) located in disadvantaged, frontier, and outermost (3T) areas of Maluku Province still faces structural constraints, particularly related to infrastructure availability and the design of budget allocation mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the problem of facilities and infrastructure budget allocation that has not yet been based on geographical needs and to examine its implications for the effectiveness of digital transformation. The study applies a qualitative policy analysis approach through document analysis using the perspectives of distributive justice, needs-based budgeting, and affirmative regional policy. The results indicate that the current allocation mechanism still relies on a uniform national formula and does not incorporate geographical weighting parameters or indicators of digital inequality. Consequently, resource distribution has not been fully responsive to the characteristics of 3T regions, resulting in limited institutional readiness and widening disparities in digital infrastructure support. This paper therefore recommends reformulating the budget allocation mechanism by integrating geographical weighting coefficients and digital infrastructure indicators into the funding formula to enhance proportionality in resource distribution and strengthen digital transformation in religious secondary education institutions in Maluku Province.
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Regulatory Reform in Disability Admissions: Ensuring Procedural Justice at UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Tati Patnasih
Abstract:This study is motivated by the absence of binding institutional standards for disability accommodation in the student selection process at Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, leading to inconsistent implementation, unchecked bureaucratic discretion, and violations of procedural justice and legal certainty. The gap between regulatory mandates and implementation practices reflects systemic governance problems in higher education public services. This research employs a qualitative policy analysis approach based on literature review, supported by secondary data from laws, academic journals, and institutional documents. The analysis is framed using institutional theory, procedural justice, and street-level bureaucracy, and evaluated through William N. Dunn’s scoring model to determine the most optimal policy alternative. Findings indicate that the absence of standardized accommodation regulations leads to inconsistent decisions, weak accountability, and increased risks of procedural injustice across selection stages. The discussion confirms that the core problem is structural rather than individual, requiring regulatory standardization and strengthened control systems. The study concludes that policy reform is necessary through binding institutional regulations to ensure service consistency. Therefore, it recommends implementing standardized selection policies integrated with a Single Source of Truth (SSOT) digital system to strengthen fairness, transparency, and accountability in disability student selection.
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Policy Strategy for Enhancing the Utilization of Research Infrastructure at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
Suardi Kadang
Abstract:This study is motivated by the suboptimal utilization of research infrastructure at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), as indicated by the low level of external usage and the imbalance of non-tax revenue (PNBP) between internal and external users. This condition reflects a gap between the significant potential of national research infrastructure and its actual utilization, caused by weak access regulations, unstandardized governance, and fragmented administrative and monitoring systems. The study aims to identify root causes and formulate appropriate policy alternatives. A qualitative policy study approach was employed, using document analysis, problem identification through the USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) method, and evaluation of policy alternatives based on William N. Dunn’s criteria. The findings reveal that the main issue lies in the absence of open access policies and weak service governance. Among the three policy alternatives, issuing a BRIN Head Regulation on Open Access Utilization Policy is identified as the most optimal solution, as it comprehensively addresses the root problems. The study concludes that strengthening open-access regulations, supported by integrated governance and data-driven systems, is key to improving infrastructure utilization. Therefore, it is recommended to establish an open access regulation accompanied by improved service systems, external capacity allocation, and data-based monitoring to enhance collaboration, facility utilization, and contributions to the national innovation system.
